They vigorously defended themselves against the discrimination through which the Catholics were curtailed in their political participation. In 1967 the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA) came into being, which campaigned for fundamental reforms and the implementation of social equality with mass demonstrations and civil disobedience. The government responded with repressive measures. In view of…
Tag: United Kingdom
Northern Ireland Conflict History
The history of the Northern Ireland conflict goes back to the Middle Ages. By 1200 the Anglo-Normans had conquered much of the Irish island. In doing so, they benefited from the quarrels of the Irish clans and the lack of central Irish power. However, until the 16th century, English rule was limited to the Irish…
Famous Doctors and Natural Scientists in U.K. Part IV
Isaac Newton (1643-1727) physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, philosopher. Newton was born in 1643 in Woolsthorpeby-Colsterworth, the son of a farmer, and studied at Cambridge. Newton wrote one of the most important mathematical writings, the “Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica”, in which he presented the law of gravitation and the laws of motion. His research is still…
Famous Doctors and Natural Scientists in U.K. Part III
John Kerr (1824-1907) physicist. John Kerr was born in Ardrossan in 1824 and studied in Glasgow, where he later taught mathematics. In his research into magnetic fields and electromagnetic voltages, he discovered the so-called electro-optical Kerr effect in 1875, from which the Kerr cell emerged to convert voltage fluctuations. Two years later, the magneto-optical Kerr…
Famous Doctors and Natural Scientists in U.K. Part II
John Dee (1527-1608) mathematician, astronomer, geographer and mystic. Dee was born in London in 1527 and studied at Cambridge. He proved to be not only a navigation expert and precise scientist who coined terms such as “British Empire”, but also an alchemist and advisor to Queen Elizabeth I. His field of research and activity was…
Famous Doctors and Natural Scientists in U.K. Part I
Thomas Andrews (1813-1885) physicist and chemist. Thomas Andrews was born in Belfast in 1813 and completed a long student career, including in Glasgow, Edinburgh and Paris. The later member of the London Royal Society (from 1849) practiced simultaneously as a doctor and taught as a chemistry professor in Belfast. His research and knowledge in the…